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9/16/13

The Four Types of Audiences in the Second-Person Viewpoint






You can easily tell when the second-person viewpoint is being used in a novel or other work. The pronoun “you” is used apart from the dialogue just as “I” is used apart from dialogue in the first-person viewpoint. The “you” in the second person viewpoint can represent one of four different audiences—the reader, another character, an implied character in the story, or humanity in general.


Second-Person Point of View with “You” Being the Reader

Oftentimes when second-person viewpoint is used in a novel or work of nonfiction, the “you” is the reader or audience.  And sometimes the reader is addressed directly as “reader” as in Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre. In chapter 38 of Jane Eyre where Jane is being reunited with Mr. Rochester, Bronte interrupts her first-person narrative with this line in the second-person viewpoint, “Reader, I married him.” She switches viewpoints in another place in the book as well. Second-person viewpoint can often be used interchangeably with the first-person viewpoint.

Another example of using first and second viewpoints together is taken from Gillian Flynn’s Gone Girl in which the narrator is writing in first-person viewpoint before switching to the second-person viewpoint at the end of the first paragraph of Chapter 1.

When I think of my wife, I always think of her head. The shape of it, to begin with. The very first time I saw her, it was the back of her head I saw, and there was something lovely about it, the angles of it. Like a shiny, hard corn kernel or a riverbed fossil. She had what the Victorians would call a finely shaped head. You could imagine the skull quite easily. 

Second-Person Point of View with “You” Being an Actual Character

The following is also taken from Gillian Flynn’s Gone Girl in which the narrator is addressing his wife as another “you” in a second-person viewpoint approach. Here, he is addressing his wife Amy indirectly who is not happy about their move to Missouri.

Do not blame me for this particular grievance, Amy. The Missouri Grievance. Blame the economy, blame bad luck, blame my parents, blame your parents, blame the internet, blame the people who use the internet. 

Second-Person Point of View with “You” Being an Implied Character

Sometimes the “you” being addressed in the second-person point of view is not the reader or an actual character but is an implied character.  The following is an example of what the implied “you” may look like.

I pulled out a cigarette and lit it up. A nasty habit, I know. But I couldn’t help it. I needed something to steady my nerves.
Even though the pronoun “you” is not used here, we understand that the author is addressing someone, someone implied. The actual character or narrator is trying to justify his actions to his implied audience.


Second-Person Point of View with “You” Being Humanity in General

Authors sometimes want to address more than just the reader. They want to address a much broader audience. This is often done in works of creative nonfiction as well as fiction. The following is an example from James Altucher’s Choose Yourself in which he is addressing anyone who has ever worked for a boss.

That’s right they hate you. You created more and more value. They paid you less and less. That’s the definition of “disdain” in my book.
And it’s not just your boss. He’s just trying to survive also. It’s his boss. And then the boss of that boss. All the way up the food chain. And who is at the top? We will never know. Trust me, you and I will never know who is at the top. I don’t say this to be conspiratorial. It’s just a fact.
The type of story you are writing will determine the viewpoint best suited for it.

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